Key conclusions

• Thumb-sucking is normal in early childhood, and most children stop doing it of their own accord between the ages of 2 and 4.
• If it persists severely for more than 3–4 years, it can cause deformity of the upper jaw, lead to malocclusions and require interceptive orthodontic treatment.
• Any intervention should always be respectful and gradual: punishment increases stress and reinforces the behaviour rather than eliminating it.
• At Clínicas Udemax (Palma de Mallorca), we can assess the effects of thumb-sucking and plan the most appropriate treatment from the very first free consultation.

Why do children suck their thumbs?

Babies begin to suck their thumbs whilst still in the womb. In fact, ultrasound scans show this sucking reflex from the 15th–20th week of pregnancy, confirming that it is an innate behaviour rather than a learned one. Children use this habit to explore themselves and their surroundings, and it is key to sensory development during childhood.

What is its purpose? Sucking releases endorphins and creates a sense of relief, which aids emotional self-regulation and promotes calm. Thumb-sucking helps children to calm themselves emotionally and reduce physical and emotional tension. Children often suck their thumbs to feel secure, find comfort and fall asleep.

It is common for many babies to alternate between thumb-sucking and using a dummy, depending on the moment and the situation. Thumb-sucking tends to occur mainly at bedtime, in response to changes such as starting nursery or the birth of a sibling, or simply when the child is tired. Thumb-sucking can act as a coping mechanism for stress at any stage of life.

How long is it normal to suck your thumb?

Thumb-sucking is common in early childhood, but there is a healthy limit to it. It is advisable to stop thumb-sucking before the age of 3, and children may stop thumb-sucking spontaneously between the ages of 2 and 4. From a paediatric dentistry perspective, it is considered normal up to 24 months and requires monitoring up to 3–4 years of age if there are no signs of dental problems.

If thumb-sucking continues intensively on a daily basis after the age of 4–5, the risk of dental problems increases considerably. Key fact: 12.1 per cent of children over the age of 7 still suck their thumbs, and 1.9 per cent of 12-year-olds still do so. It is common for the habit to resurface during adolescence due to anxiety or stress.

Consequences of thumb-sucking beyond the recommended age

The consequences depend on the frequency, intensity and position of the finger in the mouth. The first signs may appear as early as 3–4 years of age if the habit is very pronounced. If action is not taken in time, some skeletal deformities may become difficult to correct and require longer and more complex orthodontic treatment.

Abnormalities in the growth of the upper jaw

Continuous pressure from the finger on the palate can narrow and deform the upper jaw, resulting in a narrow, high palate. A high-arched palate is a deformity caused by prolonged thumb-sucking. The upper teeth tend to ‘protrude’ (protrusion), creating discrepancies with the lower jaw that affect facial harmony. These abnormalities are one of the consequences of thumb-sucking that require early assessment.

Malocclusions and bite problems

Thumb-sucking can affect the alignment of the teeth and lead to dental malocclusions such as:

• Open bite: the upper and lower incisors do not touch when the mouth is closed.
• Posterior crossbite: the upper molars fit inside the lower ones.
• Protrusion of the incisors: the upper front teeth tilt outwards.

These malocclusions make chewing difficult and can lead to compensatory jaw movements. Many of them can be corrected with interceptive orthodontic treatment if diagnosed between the ages of 6 and 10.

Disorders affecting swallowing, speech and breathing

Prolonged use of a pacifier can lead to atypical swallowing, where the child pushes their tongue between their teeth when swallowing. This behaviour can affect the correct pronunciation of certain phonemes such as /s/, /z/, /t/ and /d/, leading to childhood dyslalia. A narrow upper jaw also restricts nasal breathing and is associated with mouth breathing, snoring and less restful sleep. Oropharyngeal infections may result from thumb-sucking due to constant contact between the hands and the mouth, which affects oral hygiene. In some cases, a combination of orthodontic treatment and speech and language therapy is the most appropriate course of action.

Associated emotional and social problems

The habit does not just have a physical impact. From the age of 5–6, some children feel embarrassed if their classmates point out that they still suck their thumb. This can affect their self-esteem and cause further anxiety, which, paradoxically, reinforces the behaviour. A respectful approach from both the family and the professional helps to break this cycle.

When should I be concerned and see a dentist?

There is no need to be alarmed during the first few months of the habit. However, dental check-ups are recommended if the habit persists beyond the age of 3–4 years. Specific warning signs:

• Front teeth that protrude significantly or are widely spaced
• Visible open bite
• Difficulty closing the lips at rest
• Narrow or very high palate
• Speech problems or habitual mouth breathing

The first tooth should erupt before the child is one year old, and from that point onwards it is advisable to make an appointment with the dentist. At Udemax Clinics, we recommend a first visit before the age of 3 or as soon as a very intense thumb-sucking habit is detected.

How to help your child stop sucking their thumb

The aim is for the child to want to stop thumb-sucking of their own accord, not to comply because of external pressure. The key is to identify the times when they do it most and to address those situations. Here are some specific strategies.

Strategies at home: positive reinforcement and clear boundaries

• Talk to your child in simple terms about the effects of this habit on their ‘permanent teeth’.
• Use calendars or sticker charts to reward moments when they aren’t sucking their thumb, especially at bedtime.
• It is recommended that you do not pressure or ridicule the child for this behaviour. Parents should avoid punishment, constant scolding or humiliation, as these increase anxiety.
• Agree on realistic goals and celebrate every achievement.

Alternatives to the habit of sucking

Many children need a different kind of stimulus to help them relax and feel calm. Replacing the thumb with a soft toy can help children, as can a soft blanket or a stress-relief toy. With very young children, it is sometimes helpful to curb the habit by temporarily replacing it with a dummy, which is then easier to wean them off. Establishing relaxing bedtime routines – such as reading a story, playing soft music or giving a massage – reduces the need for sucking as a form of comfort.

External resources: products and quick reminders

In some cases, plasters, silicone thimbles or bitter-tasting nail varnishes can be used as gentle reminders. These tools work best when the child is already showing motivation. Methods that cause pain, fear or embarrassment should not be used. If these measures are not sufficient, it is advisable to consult a professional to explore more specific solutions.

Interceptive orthodontics and treatments at Udemax Clinics

Interceptive orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that intervenes during growth to guide the development of the bones and teeth, thereby preventing future problems. At Udemax Clinics, we have over 40 years’ experience in Mallorca and a team specialising in paediatric dentistry who undergo continuous professional development. We recommend an initial assessment at around 6–7 years of age, or earlier if thumb-sucking is a particularly pronounced habit.

What does interceptive orthodontic treatment involve for this habit?

Fixed or removable intraoral appliances – such as a palatal splint – are used to prevent the finger from being placed comfortably behind the front teeth. These appliances do not cause pain, but they make sucking less pleasurable, making it easier for the child to give up the habit. Where the upper jaw is narrow, these devices may be combined with expanders to restore the correct shape of the palate. The process usually takes several months, and is tailored to the child’s age, the duration of the habit and the observed consequences.

Benefits of receiving treatment at Udemax Clinics (Palma de Mallorca)

• Three clinics in Palma, making it easier for families from different parts of Mallorca to access them.
• A free initial consultation to assess your habits and their potential effects.
• Book an appointment online or call the emergency helpline (607 833 629) if you have any queries regarding broken devices or other issues.
• Advanced technology and state-of-the-art materials to make treatments for children more comfortable and effective.

What if my child can’t stop sucking their thumb?

In some cases, the habit is deeply ingrained and can be more difficult to break. It is essential to stay calm, avoid placing blame, and continue to offer reassurance and alternatives to help the child feel comforted. At Udemax Clinics, the team can liaise with other professionals – paediatricians, child psychologists and speech and language therapists – if deemed necessary. With a personalised plan and regular check-ups, it is possible to minimise the effects of thumb-sucking and protect the child’s oral development throughout their growth.

Frequently asked questions about thumb-sucking

Is it better for my baby to use a dummy rather than suck their thumb?

From a dental point of view, a dummy is usually preferable because it can be weaned off gradually and in a controlled manner, whereas the thumb is always available. Ideally, the use of a dummy should be limited to bedtime and it should be phased out between 18 and 24 months. The decision should be tailored to the child’s temperament and discussed with the paediatrician and paediatric dentist.

Can thumb-sucking affect permanent teeth if it is stopped in time?

If treatment is carried out before the permanent teeth have fully erupted – at around 6 to 8 years of age – many problems can be corrected or minimised. Children’s bones and teeth are highly malleable, so well-planned interceptive orthodontic treatment can restore near-normal development. In contrast, severe, untreated problems can leave a lasting impact on the adult dentition.

How often should I take a child who sucks their thumb for a check-up?

It is advisable to have at least one check-up a year, and every six months if the habit is severe or the child is over 3–4 years old. The dentist monitors changes in the upper jaw, the bite and tooth eruption so that action can be taken in good time. At Udemax Clinics, we can draw up a schedule of appointments tailored to each individual case.

Is there a link between thumb-sucking and sleep problems?

Many children associate thumb-sucking with falling asleep and waking up during the night. When breaking this habit, it may take a few days for them to fall asleep more easily, so it is a good idea to introduce alternative relaxing routines. If the sleep problems are significant, it is advisable to discuss this with your paediatrician as well.

At what age can a child start wearing a device to stop thumb-sucking?

Intraoral appliances are usually recommended from the age of 5–6, when the child is cooperative and understands the purpose. For younger children, the focus is on behavioural management with the mother, father and family, positive reinforcement and, where appropriate, weaning off the dummy. The final decision is made following an individual assessment in the clinic, taking into account the child’s maturity, the findings of the clinical examination and their dental history. In this ongoing care, each practice and each child requires recommendations tailored to their specific health needs.

La entrada Consequences of thumb-sucking se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

Key conclusions

• Oral health is intrinsically linked to overall health: chronic oral inflammation is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic problems, and oral inflammation may increase the risk of heart attacks.
• Inflamed gums are not just a local problem; bacteria and inflammation in the mouth can exacerbate systemic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease.
• Oral hygiene and reducing sugar intake are essential for physical health, the prevention of tooth decay and quality of life.
• At Udemax Clinics (Mallorca), we see this connection every day and design each treatment with the patient’s holistic wellbeing in mind.

Oral health and general health: a two-way relationship

The mouth acts as a gateway and a source of infection for the whole body. More than 700 species of bacteria coexist in the oral cavity: most are harmless, but when oral hygiene is poor, pathogenic bacteria proliferate. Poor oral health silently affects vital organs.

How does this happen? Bacteria associated with gum disease can enter the bloodstream and trigger systemic inflammation. These inflammatory mediators travel through the blood and damage vascular, pancreatic and lung tissues. In fact, a meta-analysis involving more than 5 million people confirmed that periodontitis increases the risk of a heart attack by 13 per cent. Poor oral hygiene can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, and oral health has a direct influence on cardiovascular disease.

To put it another way, oral health is not just about appearance or ‘just teeth’: it is a fundamental part of general health and day-to-day wellbeing.

Systemic diseases that manifest in the mouth

Many general health conditions show early signs in the mouth, and the dentist may be the first healthcare professional to detect them. The most significant of these are listed below:

• Type 2 diabetes: the relationship is bidirectional. Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease – people with diabetes are three times more likely to develop periodontitis – and, in turn, people with periodontitis find it more difficult to control their blood glucose levels. Periodontal disease can make it harder to control blood glucose levels, creating a vicious circle that worsens both conditions.
• Cardiovascular diseases: these are linked to gum problems. Periodontitis can contribute to blockages in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis and stroke.
• Neurological disorders: brain health can be affected by oral bacteria. A review published in 2024 found that the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis increases the risk of Alzheimer’s by almost sevenfold.
• Other conditions: periodontal disease may increase the risk of kidney failure; persistent bad breath may be a sign of kidney disease; inflammation in the mouth can exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis; and certain oral lesions may indicate vitamin deficiencies, autoimmune disorders or HIV/AIDS.

Signs in your mouth that may indicate your general health

Not all oral discomfort is caused by not brushing your teeth. Certain symptoms can be an indication of diseases in their early stages. Look out for these signs:

• Frequent or spontaneous bleeding from the gums.
• Persistent inflammation, tooth mobility or bone loss without trauma.
• Ulcers that do not heal within 15 days.
• Severe dryness, a burning sensation or changes in colour of the mucous membranes and tongue.
• Breath with a persistent metallic or bitter taste.

Poor oral hygiene leads to a build-up of bacteria and tartar, but if symptoms persist after improving your habits, it is advisable to seek medical advice. Tooth decay can lead to severe infections such as dental abscesses. A patient with severely inflamed gums and constant thirst, for example, should have their blood glucose levels checked. Rather than self-medicating, the best advice is to visit a trusted dental clinic in Mallorca, such as Clínicas Udemax.

Key links between oral health and general health

Each of these links reinforces a key idea: the mouth does not function in isolation from the body’s other systems.

How to look after your oral health to protect your general health

Many of these complications can be prevented by adopting simple habits and having regular check-ups:

• Daily oral hygiene: brush at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, use dental floss or interdental brushes, and clean your tongue. However, remember that a toothbrush only reaches 60 per cent of the tooth surfaces.
• Diet: prioritise fruit, vegetables, water and minimally processed foods. Reduce your intake of free sugars and limit acidic or sugary drinks, which are direct contributors to the development of tooth decay and periodontal inflammation.
• Tobacco and alcohol: avoiding tobacco and drinking alcohol in moderation reduces the risk of oral cancer, periodontitis and vascular complications.
• Check-ups: visit the dentist every 6 months. At Clínicas Udemax, we offer comprehensive check-ups including X-rays and personalised treatment plans for patients in Mallorca, tailored to the impact that each medical condition has on the mouth.
• Special groups: if you are pregnant, have diabetes or are undergoing complex medical treatment, always inform your dentist. These patients require closer monitoring to ensure safety and optimal results.

The relationship between oral health and general health: conclusions

The mouth acts as a mirror of our general health, reflecting hormonal, inflammatory, immune and nutritional imbalances. Looking after our oral health means investing in the prevention of heart disease, metabolic complications, respiratory problems and a decline in quality of life.

A healthy smile contributes to your physical, mental and social wellbeing. Take a look at your current habits and, if it’s been more than six months since your last visit to the dentist or you notice any warning signs, book an appointment at Clínicas Udemax. You’ll find all the information you need to take that first step on our website.

Frequently asked questions about the link between oral health and general health

How often should I visit the dentist if I have a chronic condition such as diabetes or heart disease?

Ideally, you should have a check-up every 3–6 months, depending on the condition of your gums and how well the disease is being managed. Your dentist and GP should liaise with one another, particularly before any invasive procedures. At Udemax Clinics, we draw up more detailed care plans for these higher-risk patients, as a matter of responsible public health.

Is it safe to visit the dentist whilst pregnant?

Yes. Most simple preventive and restorative treatments are safe, particularly during the second trimester. Treating infections and managing pregnancy-related gingivitis is important for reducing the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Always let your dentist know your gestational age and any medication you are taking.

Does bleeding from the gums always indicate a serious problem?

This is most commonly caused by gingivitis resulting from a build-up of plaque. However, if the bleeding is severe, spontaneous or accompanied by bruising, extreme tiredness or a fever, it is advisable to seek medical advice as well as a dental check-up. Once systemic causes have been ruled out, a professional dental cleaning usually resolves the problem.

Can a dental infection affect the heart?

Yes. Certain untreated infections allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream and, in susceptible individuals, can lead to endocarditis or other cardiovascular complications. Patients with artificial heart valves should always inform their dentist before undergoing any dental procedure.

I live in Mallorca. What sort of check-up should I book at Udemax Clinics?

The ideal appointment is a comprehensive check-up: an examination of your teeth, gums, oral mucosa and temporomandibular joint, with X-rays if necessary. At this first appointment, we assess your risk of tooth decay, the condition of your gums and any possible signs of systemic diseases reflected in your mouth. When booking your appointment, please let us know if you have any chronic conditions or are taking any medication so that we can tailor the treatment plan to your situation.

La entrada The link between oral health and general health: why looking after your mouth means looking after your whole body se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

Key conclusions

• Gingival recession is the retreat of the gums towards the root of the tooth, exposing the root cementum and leading to loss of supporting bone. It does not regenerate naturally.
• The causes of recession are multifactorial: aggressive brushing, periodontitis, poorly managed orthodontic treatment, bruxism, smoking, age and genetic predisposition.
• There are effective treatments ranging from deep cleaning and dentine sealing to connective tissue grafting and guided bone regeneration.
• Early detection greatly increases the chances of restoring root coverage and avoiding more serious complications.
• If you notice any signs of receding gums or sensitivity, book an appointment at Clínicas Udemax in Palma or at any of our other branches in Mallorca.

What do we mean by ‘dental recession’? Gingival recession and gum loss

In clinical practice, patients often use the term ‘tooth recession’ when they notice that a tooth appears to have ‘moved back’ or that the gum has receded. The correct name for this process is gingival recession or gum retraction: a shift in the gum line that exposes the tooth root and often involves loss of alveolar bone.

It is important not to confuse this condition with other problems such as cervical enamel loss due to abrasion or internal tooth resorption. Gum recession exposes the tooth roots, leaving a surface of dentine and cementum unprotected by the enamel crown, which alters the appearance of the smile and causes tooth sensitivity.

According to recent epidemiological studies, the global prevalence of gingival recession is 78–85 per cent of the adult population when measured using a threshold of ≥ 1 mm. The condition can affect a single tooth or several areas, and is particularly common in incisors and canines.

Causes of gum recession and ‘tooth recession’

Gum recession rarely has a single cause. In most of the cases we see at Udemax, several risk factors are involved:

• Traumatic brushing: aggressive brushing can cause gum recession, particularly when using hard-bristled toothbrushes and applying excessive pressure with horizontal movements.
• Buildup of bacterial plaque: the buildup of bacterial plaque causes gum recession by leading to chronic inflammation and the destruction of the supporting tissues.
• Periodontitis and gingivitis: periodontitis is an infectious disease of the gums caused by bacteria. The build-up of bacterial plaque causes periodontitis, and this condition can lead to severe gum recession.
• Malocclusion and dental malposition: teeth that are positioned too far labially result in thin bone that resorbs easily. A study carried out in Barcelona identified dental malposition as a significant predictor of recession.
• Bruxism: gum recession can be caused by bruxism, which exerts traumatic forces on the tooth structure and bone.
• Poorly planned orthodontic treatment: excessive forces or braces without periodontal monitoring can cause gum recession due to resorption of the buccal bone.
• Tobacco: smoking is a risk factor for plaque build-up and the destruction of periodontal tissues.
• Oral piercings: the constant rubbing of piercings on the lips or tongue wears down the gums and the surface of the teeth.
• Other factors: advanced age, hormonal changes, low-insertion frenula, genetic predisposition and a thin gingival biotype.

Inadequate brushing can cause gum recession to develop silently over a period of years. For this reason, an accurate diagnosis of the cause determines every step of the treatment plan.

Signs and symptoms: how to tell if your gums are receding

Gum recession can develop slowly and go unnoticed until the damage is obvious. Look out for these signs:

• A tooth that looks longer than usual
• A yellowish or darker root exposed below the gum line
• Black spaces between the teeth due to loss of papillae
• Change in the gum line

Gum recession can be painful and cause tooth sensitivity. The most common symptoms include sensitivity to cold, heat or sweet foods, pain when brushing, and a tight feeling in the mouth.

If you also experience red gums, bleeding, swelling or persistent bad breath, these could be signs of associated periodontal conditions. At Udemax Clinics, we carry out a comprehensive periodontal examination, including probing, millimetre-precise measurement of gum recession and digital X-rays or CBCT scans where necessary.

Consequences of not treating gum recession

Gum recession is not just a cosmetic issue. As a direct consequence of failing to take timely action:

• Progressive sensitivity: exposed dentine reacts to thermal and chemical stimuli.
• Root caries: as the root is not protected by enamel, plaque builds up more easily, increasing the risk of infection.
• Periodontal pockets: the loss of supporting tissue encourages the formation of pockets where bacteria thrive.
• Loss of alveolar bone: gum recession can lead to tooth loss if the process of bone destruction is not halted.
• Aesthetic concerns: an aged smile, uneven teeth and dark triangles between the front teeth.
• Limitations for future treatment: in advanced cases, placing implants requires prior regeneration, which complicates the procedures and makes them more expensive.

Diagnostics at Udemax Mallorca Clinics

An accurate diagnosis is the first step before deciding on a course of treatment. At Udemax, the process includes:

• Detailed medical history: brushing habits, bruxism, smoking, previous orthodontic treatment
• Examination of the gums and teeth using periodontal probing
• Periapical X-ray and digital orthopantomogram to assess bone loss
• 3D CBCT in complex cases involving significant bone resorption

The periodontist classifies recessions according to the Cairo classification (RT-1, RT-2, RT-3) to determine the prognosis for root coverage. Where necessary, the team coordinates the assessment with the clinic’s orthodontist or bruxism specialist.

Treatments for gum recession and gum loss

Treatment for gum recession is always tailored to the individual. At Udemax, the aim is to halt its progression, restore lost tissue and improve appearance and comfort. In mild, asymptomatic cases, regular monitoring and improved oral hygiene may be sufficient. Where there is loss of bone support, tooth mobility or significant aesthetic compromise, mucogingival surgery is considered.

Treatments usually combine: regular professional cleaning, adjustments to brushing technique, periodontal therapy, sealing of sensitive dentine, and surgical techniques to cover roots and regenerate areas where bone has been lost. The treatment plan and its duration are explained to the patient at the first appointment.

Conservative treatments and the management of sensitivity

In many early-stage recessions, the primary aim is to control inflammation and reduce sensitivity without resorting to surgery.

Deep cleaning reduces gum recession by removing plaque and tartar that have built up below the gum line through scaling and root planing. This step significantly slows down the loss of supporting tissue.

For sensitivity, toothpastes containing fluoride, potassium nitrate or arginine are used, as well as specific mouthwashes. In clinical practice, dentine sealing with varnishes or adhesive resins blocks the tubules in the exposed dentine and provides immediate pain relief.

The use of soft-bristled toothbrushes is recommended, as this helps prevent wear and tear on the enamel and soft tissues. Personalised instruction in a gentle brushing technique is a fundamental part of the treatment.

Mucogingival surgery and gum grafts

When recession is moderate or advanced, the treatment of choice is usually mucogingival surgery performed by a periodontist.

• Coronal advancement flap (CAF): in shallow recessions with sufficient keratinised gingiva, a coronally advanced flap can cover the exposed root without the need for a graft.
• Subepithelial connective tissue graft: taken from the palate, this is the gold standard. Gingival grafts cover exposed roots and improve support, achieving the highest rate of complete coverage according to recent meta-analyses.
• Other options: free gingival grafts for areas without keratinised gingiva, and allogeneic or xenogeneic matrices to avoid the need to harvest tissue from the palate in certain patients.

The post-operative period involves mild swelling, which can be managed with medication, a soft diet for the first few days, and specific cleaning instructions. Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infections following gum treatments, should the periodontist deem it necessary.

Bone regeneration and long-term stability

When gum recession is associated with bone loss, guided bone regeneration is essential to prevent tooth loss and facilitate future treatments such as implants.

Bone regeneration promotes the growth of new bone through the placement of biomaterials and barrier membranes. Bone grafting uses the patient’s own bone or synthetic bone to replace damaged bone, restoring structure and support to the affected area.

At Udemax, these procedures are carried out under radiographic guidance and with digital planning. Long-term stability depends on a combination of surgery, control of bacterial plaque, giving up smoking and correcting traumatic forces such as bruxism or malocclusion. Following regeneration, a periodontal maintenance programme with regular check-ups ensures that the results are long-lasting.

Prevention: how to prevent gum recession in your day-to-day life

Prevention is the most effective way to protect the health of your gums:

• Correct brushing technique: gentle, controlled movements, without applying excessive pressure. Use soft-bristled toothbrushes and replace them every 3 months.
• Daily interdental hygiene: daily flossing is essential for preventing periodontal disease. It is recommended that you floss to prevent gum recession and use interdental brushes as a complement to this.
• Professional check-ups: a professional dental clean should be carried out at least once a year. Patients with a history of periodontitis require check-ups every 3–6 months.
• Bruxism management: managing bruxism prevents tooth movement and wear. A bite splint is the most common way of achieving this.
• Giving up smoking: drastically reduces the risk of periodontal disease.
• See your dentist as soon as possible if you notice any signs of bleeding, sensitivity or a change in the shape of your gums.

Treatments for tooth whitening regression: how to maintain the results

Another situation in which patients refer to ‘tooth colour regression’ is the loss of whitening intensity over time. All whitening systems show some initial regression during the first 5–10 days due to the release of fluids from the enamel.

In the medium and long term, relapse depends on diet (coffee, tea, red wine), smoking and oral hygiene. At Udemax, we offer personalised maintenance programmes involving retainers, supervised gels and regular check-ups.

Teeth whitening does not damage the gums if carried out correctly, but in patients with gum recession, a preliminary assessment is essential to prevent excessive sensitivity on the exposed root surface.

Udemax Clinics in Mallorca: a holistic approach to gum health and cosmetic dentistry

Udemax Clinics operates in Mallorca, offering a comprehensive approach covering periodontics, mucogingival surgery, orthodontics, cosmetic dentistry and implant-supported restoration. The team has expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of gum recession, bone loss and tooth retraction.

The clinic is equipped with advanced technology (digital X-rays, CBCT and digital planning) to accurately assess tissue loss and plan each procedure. If you notice any signs of recession, sensitivity or a change in the appearance of your teeth, please book a personalised assessment. Your first appointment includes a full diagnosis, treatment options, a quote and estimated timelines, all explained clearly.

Frequently asked questions about tooth recession and gum recession

Can lost gum tissue grow back naturally?

Gum tissue that has already receded will not grow back on its own. What can be done, however, is to slow down the progression and, in many cases, restore root coverage using surgical techniques such as gum grafting. The less severe the recession is at the time of diagnosis, the greater the chances of regaining coverage. Gums that are inflamed due to gingivitis can improve in appearance following good oral hygiene and treatment, but this is different from established recession.

Does gum recession always require surgery?

No. In many mild cases, it is sufficient to correct brushing technique, control plaque, apply dentine sealants and carry out regular check-ups. Mucogingival surgery is recommended where there is significant aesthetic compromise, persistent hypersensitivity, a very thin gingival biotype, or where the loss of gum tissue jeopardises the stability of the tooth. The decision is made following assessment by a periodontist.

Can orthodontic treatment make gum recession worse?

Well-planned orthodontic treatment does not necessarily have to worsen gum health. However, in cases involving teeth that protrude significantly, a fine biotype or excessive forces from braces, it can contribute to gum recession. At Udemax, the orthodontist works in close collaboration with the periodontist. Furthermore, teeth naturally tend to return to their original position after orthodontic treatment, so tooth relapse is prevented by strict use of retainers. Fixed and removable retainers must be worn in accordance with the orthodontist’s instructions, and strict adherence to retainer wear is the most important measure following orthodontic treatment.

What is the link between smoking and gum recession?

Smoking reduces blood flow to the gums, impairs the immune response and contributes to periodontal disease, accelerating bone loss and gum recession. Furthermore, it masks gum bleeding, making it difficult to detect problems at an early stage. We are increasingly recommending that patients use periodontal treatment as motivation to give up smoking.

How often should I have my gums checked at the dental surgery?

For people with no previous history of periodontal disease, a check-up and professional cleaning are recommended at least once a year. Patients with a history of periodontitis, gum recession or risk factors (smoking, diabetes, bruxism) usually require maintenance appointments every 3–6 months. At Udemax Clinics, we design a personalised maintenance plan, tailored to the condition of your gums and the level of cooperation you provide at home.

La entrada Tooth recession and gum recession: causes, treatments and prevention in Mallorca se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

Key conclusions

• Dentists recommend having a full teeth-whitening treatment every 12 to 18 months; specialists recommend leaving a gap of between 12 and 24 months between full treatments to avoid damaging the enamel.
• Teeth whitening can last between 1 and 3 years with good oral hygiene, and up to 2 to 5 years under optimal conditions.
• Minor adjustments can be made every 6 to 12 months using aligners at home, under the supervision of your dentist.
• The factors that shorten life expectancy the most are tobacco, coffee, tea and red wine.
• The decision to repeat the procedure must always be based on a prior clinical assessment to check sensitivity and the condition of the enamel.

How often can you have your teeth whitened?

This is the main question on the mind of any patient who has already undergone the procedure or is considering having it done for the first time. The straightforward answer is that a full course of teeth whitening can be carried out every 12 to 24 months. As a general guideline, teeth whitening is recommended once a year, although many patients with good oral hygiene and few staining habits can easily space out treatments to as long as 24 months.

People who smoke or consume large amounts of coffee, tea or red wine tend to notice a loss of whiteness sooner, but this does not always mean they need to undergo a full whitening treatment again: often, a light touch-up is sufficient. The interval between touch-ups or maintenance treatments can be reduced to 6 to 12 months without any problem, provided this is done under supervision.

There is no one-size-fits-all rule. The frequency depends on the condition of the enamel, any pre-existing sensitivity and the dentist’s assessment at each check-up. That is why, at Udemax Clinics, we stress that you should not overuse whitening gels on your own.

How long does teeth whitening actually last?

How long teeth whitening lasts depends on the type of treatment and the patient’s lifestyle. It is important to distinguish between the duration of the effect and the frequency with which the treatment should be repeated.

At our clinic, a well-carried-out in-clinic whitening treatment usually produces results that last between 1 and 3 years. Under particularly favourable conditions, the results of a teeth whitening treatment can last between 2 and 5 years. The visible effect of teeth whitening generally lasts between 6 months and 2 years, with in-clinic whitening results being the most predictable, typically lasting between 12 and 24 months.

With at-home whitening treatments using trays, the results usually last between 6 and 12 months, and can be extended to up to 18 months with consistent care. Below, we outline the differences between each method.

Types of teeth whitening and how they affect how often you need to repeat the treatment

In-clinic whitening is not the same as at-home whitening: the concentration of the whitening agent, the number of sessions required and the duration of the results vary significantly. At Udemax Clinics, we offer three approaches: professional in-clinic whitening, supervised at-home whitening and a combined treatment.

Professional treatments mean you don’t need to repeat the treatment as often. Pharmacy products or online kits, however, mean you have to repeat the treatment more frequently without offering the same level of safety or results.

Teeth whitening at Udemax Clinics in Mallorca

This type of teeth whitening is carried out over one or more sessions lasting 30 to 60 minutes, using a high-concentration hydrogen peroxide gel. The results are visible during the same appointment and last for approximately 12 to 36 months, depending on your habits.

Due to the strength of the treatment, the recommended minimum interval between full courses of teeth whitening is 1 to 2 years. In practice, many patients have a check-up after a year, at which point it is assessed whether a minor touch-up is sufficient or whether it would be better to wait.

Supervised at-home teeth whitening

At-home teeth whitening is carried out using custom-made trays and carbamide peroxide gel prescribed by a specialist, over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. The average duration of the results is between 6 and 18 months, depending on the initial shade and dietary habits.

As this method is gentler, it allows you to carry out short maintenance cycles more frequently. However, please do not start new gel cycles on your own without first having a check-up at Udemax Clinics to assess your sensitivity and the condition of your enamel.

Combined treatment: in-clinic + at home

It consists of a powerful in-clinic session followed by several days of wearing trays at home. According to recent studies, this type of whitening offers the longest-lasting results in the medium term, lasting up to 2–3 years with good aftercare. We recommend a whitening maintenance programme, which can be carried out every 5 years if oral hygiene habits are excellent, although a light touch-up every 18–24 months is more common. The decision to repeat a full treatment course is made during a consultation, taking into account not only the colour but also the general health of the teeth and gums.

Factors that determine how often to repeat the whitening treatment

Not all patients require treatment at the same frequency. The main factors are:

• Diet: foods and drinks containing pigments (coffee, tea, red wine, dark soft drinks, curry, beetroot) reduce the duration.
• Tobacco: do not smoke to prolong the results of teeth whitening. E-cigarettes containing nicotine have a similar effect.
• Oral hygiene: brushing, flossing and using fluoride mouthwash help to space out treatments.
• Enamel and sensitivity: thin enamel or enamel with microcracks means that the intervals must be increased.
• Restorations: fillings, crowns and veneers do not whiten in the same way and affect the final aesthetic result.

How can I maintain my white teeth and space out my treatments more?

The aim is not to have your teeth whitened more often, but for a single treatment to last as long as possible. The first 48 hours after a whitening treatment are critical: the enamel is more permeable and absorbs stains easily.

Foods and drinks to avoid after teeth whitening

For the first 3–5 days, avoid strongly coloured foods and drinks:

• Coffee, black tea, red wine, cola drinks
• Soy sauce, curry, beetroot, red berries
• Tobacco and nicotine vapes
• Brightly coloured rinses

Once this period is over, return to a normal diet, but in moderation. Drinking water after consuming dark-coloured drinks or using a straw reduces contact with the tooth enamel.

Hygiene routine and check-ups at Udemax Clinics

• Brush your teeth at least twice a day with mild fluoride toothpaste.
• Floss every day and use a fluoride mouthwash.
• Visit the dentist every 6 months for professional cleanings; these remove surface stains before they set in.
• At each check-up, we assess whether a clean-up or routine maintenance is sufficient, or whether it is time for another whitening treatment.

Maintenance and touch-ups: an alternative to repeating a full whitening treatment

It is not always necessary to undergo a full whitening treatment. Have touch-up treatments every 6 to 12 months as recommended by your dentist: a few days’ use of trays with a lower-concentration gel or a short in-clinic session are usually sufficient.

For many patients, a maintenance treatment every 12–24 months avoids the need to repeat the full treatment. Dentists advise against excessive whitening, and we warn against ‘whitenorexia’: an obsession with extreme whiteness that disregards the natural appearance of the enamel.

Is it dangerous to have your teeth whitened too often?

Having teeth whitened too frequently can cause gum irritation. Furthermore, uncontrolled teeth whitening can cause extreme tooth sensitivity and lead to microcracks in the enamel, giving it an unnatural, translucent appearance.

When the procedure is carried out at Udemax Clinics at the appropriate intervals – a minimum of 12 months for full treatments – the adverse effects are minimal and reversible. The real risks arise from unsupervised products or kits used too frequently. Any decision to undergo a new teeth-whitening treatment must be preceded by a clinical assessment.

Frequently asked questions about how often you can have your teeth whitened

At what age is it advisable to have your teeth whitened?

It is standard practice to wait until the patient has a full set of permanent teeth, usually around the age of 18. In adolescents, it is only considered in very specific cases, using mild products and under the strict supervision of a dentist. Before that age, the focus is on dental cleanings, sealants and hygiene education.

Can I have my teeth whitened if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?

As a precaution, teeth whitening is usually postponed during pregnancy and whilst breastfeeding. In the meantime, at Udemax Clinics we recommend check-ups, cleanings and plaque control to maintain good oral health. During your first visit, we can plan the best time for treatment after your pregnancy.

What should I do if I experience a lot of sensitivity after a teeth-whitening treatment?

Once the treatment is complete, it is common to experience slight sensitivity for 24–48 hours. Use desensitising toothpastes and mouthwashes and avoid very hot or very cold foods during this time. If the sensitivity is severe or lasts for more than 3–4 days, contact your clinic to adjust your treatment.

If I smoke, how often will I need to have my teeth whitened again?

Smoking significantly reduces the duration of the effects of teeth whitening, potentially shortening them to less than 12 months. For active smokers, more frequent maintenance appointments and regular professional cleanings are usually recommended. Cutting down on or giving up smoking protects both the colour of your teeth and the health of your gums.

Will teeth whitening work if I have fillings, crowns or veneers?

Restorative materials do not lighten with whitening in the same way as natural teeth. When undergoing whitening treatment, it may be necessary to replace some visible fillings to match the final shade. That is why, at Udemax Clinics, we carry out a preliminary aesthetic assessment to plan the sequence of treatments and answer all your questions before we begin.

La entrada How often can you have your teeth whitened? se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

At Udemax Clinics, we treat patients every month who are taking Fosamax, alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid and other bisphosphonates. That is why it is essential that you are aware of the risks and how we manage each case.

What are bisphosphonates and why do they affect the teeth?

Bisphosphonates are a group of medicines used to treat bone conditions such as osteoporosis, osteopenia and Paget’s disease. These medicines work by inhibiting bone resorption through reducing the activity of osteoclasts and slowing down bone turnover, thereby increasing bone density. Furthermore, they are stored within the bone for years, making them effective in the prevention and treatment of bone fractures. However, this mechanism can also negatively affect bone regeneration in the mandible and maxilla, where bone regenerates rapidly. In patients taking bisphosphonates, this healing process is slowed down, which can hinder healing following tooth extractions, implants or other oral surgery.

This adverse effect is particularly relevant in dentistry, as a lack of adequate bone resorption and regeneration can lead to serious complications such as osteonecrosis of the jaws, where the bone is exposed and fails to heal properly. For this reason, at Udemax Clinics we follow strict protocols for patients taking bisphosphonates, including a comprehensive medical assessment, possible temporary suspension of the medication under medical supervision, atraumatic surgical techniques and rigorous follow-up to ensure proper recovery and preserve the patient’s quality of life.

The most feared effect is:

Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ)

The bone ‘does not receive’ sufficient blood supply and part of it may become necrotic (die).

It is uncommon, but it is one of the most serious complications and a serious side effect, with injuries and other maxillofacial conditions that may occur in some cases. This condition is defined as exposed bone that has not healed within 8 weeks.

What types of bisphosphonates are there?

Oral bisphosphonates (the most common treatments for osteoporosis):

• Fosamax® (alendronate)
• Fosavance®
• Actonel® (risedronate)
• Bonviva® (oral ibandronate)

When administered this way, they are usually taken on an empty stomach with water, and calcium levels should be checked before prescribing them. They may cause oesophageal irritation, difficulty swallowing or cramps. Furthermore, the incidence of osteonecrosis is lower than with the intravenous route.

Intravenous bisphosphonates (cancer patients):

Consequently, the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw is higher and more common in these cases, particularly in cancer patients treated with high doses. The first reports of this complication emerged precisely in this group, suggesting that the risks vary depending on the type of bisphosphonate and the route of administration.

What are the actual risks associated with each type of bisphosphonate?

If you are taking oral bisphosphonates (Fosamax, alendronate, etc.)

The risk of osteonecrosis without surgery is between 0.01 and 0.04 per cent. Following a tooth extraction, this risk rises to between 0.09 and 0.34 per cent. Although the risk is low, it does exist, particularly if you have been taking bisphosphonates for more than three years.

If you are receiving intravenous bisphosphonates (for cancer treatment)

The risk of osteonecrosis is much higher, ranging from 0.8% to 12%. In such cases, we avoid extractions wherever possible.

Can I have a tooth extracted if I’m taking bisphosphonates?

Yes, but with a special protocol. Tooth extraction is the procedure that carries the GREATEST risk for patients taking bisphosphonates.
That is why at Udemax Clinics we follow a safe protocol:

Full medical history

• Which bisphosphonate are you taking?
• Dosage? Duration of use?
• Oral or intravenous?
• Do you have any other risk factors?

Risk assessment

As a precaution and as part of the pre-procedure assessment, there is an increased risk of osteonecrosis if the following conditions are also present:

• diabetes
• corticosteroids
• tobacco
• alcohol
• infection in the area
• periodontal disease
• dentures that rub against the gums
• poor oral hygiene, as it affects health and increases the risk of osteonecrosis

“Drug holiday”: stopping the medication for 2–3 months

Only if your doctor authorises it: discontinuation of oral bisphosphonate treatment prior to the extraction. We cannot stop it on our own, although in some people a therapeutic break from treatment may be considered, always under medical supervision. However, the standard recommendation is to stop taking oral bisphosphonates three months before the procedure, provided the doctor authorises a break in bisphosphonate treatment, and continuing this break afterwards reduces the risk.

Atraumatic technique (minimal damage to the bone)

We use conservative surgery and ensure the wound is tightly sealed; if a tooth extraction is required, it must be as minimally invasive as possible.

Antibiotics and close monitoring

To prevent infection and ensure the area heals properly.

What if I need an implant?

With oral bisphosphonates, it is generally possible to carry out dental procedures following a specific protocol and a careful prior assessment, whereas with intravenous bisphosphonates this is not recommended as the risk of osteonecrosis outweighs the benefits.

Are root canal treatments, orthodontic treatment and dental cleanings safe?

Dental cleanings and orthodontics → No problem

They do not affect the bone in the same way as surgery.

Root canal treatment → This is preferred to extracting a tooth

In high-risk patients, we always try to save the tooth.

What are the side effects of bisphosphonates?

• Bone or muscle pain
• Digestive problems (if taken orally)
• Osteonecrosis (rare, but possible)
• Delayed healing following oral surgery

How do we treat patients with bisphosphonates at Udemax Clinics?

1. A comprehensive diagnostic consultation, including a medical and dental history; ideally, this should include a full dental examination before starting treatment with bisphosphonates.
2. Direct communication with your doctor/rheumatologist and, in the event of any doubts or complex procedures, assessment by a specialist trained in oral and maxillofacial surgery
3. 3D radiological examinations to assess bone condition
4. A safe treatment plan that avoids extractions where alternatives are available
5. Specific informed consent
6. Close monitoring over a period of weeks

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I have a tooth extracted if I’m taking Fosamax?

Yes, but follow the proper procedure and always let your dentist know.

Is it dangerous to take bisphosphonates and have anaesthesia?

Anaesthesia isn’t a problem. The risk lies in the bone surgery.

How long do I need to stop taking bisphosphonates before a tooth extraction?

Usually 2–3 months, if your doctor approves.

Does osteonecrosis cause pain?

It may not hurt at first, but it can later cause pain, expose the bone and increase the risk of infection.

Do you need a check-up if you’re taking bisphosphonates?

At Clínicas Udemax, we assess each case individually to plan the safest course of action for tooth extractions, implants or any other dental treatment you may need; we also offer free check-ups and consultations, so you can book your appointment in Palma by calling 971 767 521.

La entrada Bisphosphonates and Dentistry: Extractions, Risks, What You Should Do, and How We Handle It at Our Clinic se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

At Udemax Clinics, we frequently see patients who come to us with discomfort, pain or broken teeth caused by piercings. So, if you’re thinking of getting one — or already have one — this guide is for you.

What is an oral piercing? The most common types

An oral piercing is any piercing carried out on structures inside or around the mouth. The most common types are:

Tongue piercing

In the centre or on the side of the tongue. Tongue piercings are most likely to cause tooth fractures and, as the tongue is a highly vascularised organ, they can also cause bleeding and damage a nerve.

Lip piercing (labret or snake bites)

It may remain in constant contact with the gums, causing recession and damage to the gum tissue. If the friction continues, there is a risk of tooth mobility and, in the long term, tooth loss.

Upper frenulum piercing (smiley)

Popular with teenagers. With the upper braces, the hole in the smiley can become larger or even tear the tissue as the braces move. It can wear away the enamel or cause the gums around the upper incisors to recede.

Tongue web piercing

Less common but equally problematic.

Piercings on the cheeks or around the mouth

They may irritate the teeth and mucous membranes.

Dental risks and complications associated with piercings

Although it may initially seem like a purely aesthetic decision, it is important to be aware of the potential consequences. The most common health consequences depend on the type of oral piercing and where it is placed; among the most common are infection and damage to the enamel:

1. Tooth fractures

The repeated impact of the piercing against the teeth can cause microcracks, which start as microfractures, enamel fractures and tooth fractures, particularly in the incisors; this is the most common complication associated with tongue piercings and is linked to the impact of the piercing against the teeth. In fact, one in four people with oral piercings have micro-fractures in their teeth.

2. Gum recession

The constant rubbing of the piercing ball can push the gum back, exposing the root of the tooth, which causes sensitivity, affects the appearance, increases the risk of tooth mobility and can lead to localised periodontitis.

3. Enamel wear

Continued friction can wear away the enamel until the dentine is exposed.

4. Infections

The mouth contains millions of bacteria, and a poorly healed piercing can lead to inflammation, discharge, tongue infections, abscesses, fever and even sublingual cellulitis, a dangerous condition. Furthermore, around 15 per cent of oral piercings develop a local infection, and this risk increases when the procedure is not carried out with adequate hygiene and sterilisation measures.

5. Halitosis (bad breath)

This happens when the piercing acts as a place where bacteria, food debris or plaque can build up, and this build-up contributes to bad breath.

6. Allergy or rejection of the metal

Contact with certain materials can cause irritation, swelling and chronic discomfort; furthermore, certain alloys and prolonged use of the metal can cause allergic contact reactions, which affect oral health and may complicate the healing process in the oral cavity.

7. Bleeding or damage to nerve endings

Piercing the tongue carries a risk of damaging blood vessels, causing heavy bleeding and injuring nerve endings, which may lead to changes in the sense of taste. If the tongue becomes excessively swollen, it may restrict airflow and obstruct the airways.

8. Difficulties with speaking, chewing or swallowing

Especially during the first few weeks.

9. Risks during orthodontic treatment

A piercing can get caught on braces, wear down aligners or interfere with tooth movement.

Warning signs: when to see the dentist

You should seek immediate medical attention if you notice:

• bleeding that won’t stop
• pain that gets worse as the days go by
• severe swelling
• receding gums
• loose tooth
• puss-filled lump
• fever
• strong, unpleasant smell

At Udemax, we can assess whether there is an infection, damage to the gums or damage to the teeth.

What should you do if you already have a piercing? Care advice

Maintain strict hygiene

Wash the area after every meal.

Avoid playing with your piercing

The habit of ‘chewing on it’ or moving it around is what causes the most damage to your teeth.

Replace the long bar with a short one

Once the piercing has healed, a short bar causes less discomfort. Furthermore, the ball should fit snugly to minimise unnecessary discomfort and friction.

Check the condition of the metal

If you notice any wear and tear, replace it.

Clean the ball thoroughly

It is a breeding ground for bacteria.

Regular visits to the dentist

Particularly if you notice sensitivity, discomfort or gaps in your gums.

Is it a good idea to have the piercing removed?

It depends on the individual case, as piercings can be worn without any problems if they are looked after properly and checked regularly; however, if you have receding gums, cracked teeth, sensitivity or inflammation, are undergoing orthodontic treatment or plan to use Invisalign, it is best to have the piercing removed or to consider the best alternative to avoid further complications.

Dental treatments to repair damage caused by piercings

At Udemax Clinics, we can help you with:

• composites for repairing fractures
• veneers to restore worn-down teeth
• periodontal treatments for receding gums
• professional cleaning if you have bad breath or a build-up of plaque
• a full examination to check for signs of infection

Frequently asked questions about oral piercings

Does a piercing damage your teeth?

Yes, especially the lingual one. It’s a very common complication.

Can it cause gum recession?

Yes, especially lip and smiley piercings.

Is it dangerous to swallow a small ball?

It is usually passed naturally, but in some cases it may require medical assessment.

Does it affect speech?

During the first few weeks, yes.

Can I use Invisalign or braces if I have a piercing?

This is not recommended: it may interfere with the device, cause wear and tear, or result in injury.

Make your oral health a priority

Oral piercings can be a form of aesthetic expression and, although for some people they are simply a fashion statement, it is important to prioritise oral health. Ideally, you should seek reliable information before having a piercing, maintain good oral hygiene and have it checked regularly by your dentist. If you notice any discomfort, pain or sensitivity, it is best to have it assessed as soon as possible; this way, for example, you can avoid more serious complications.

La entrada Mouth Piercing: Consequences, Risks, Complications, and How to Avoid Them se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

What you need to know about an overbite.

1. What is an overbite?
2. Can an overbite be prevented?
3. What problems does this cause?
4. How is an overbite treated?

1. What is an overbite?

An overbite is a Class II malocclusion in which the upper teeth are positioned further forward than the lower teeth and, depending on the severity, may cover them partially or completely vertically. In other words, it is a type of dental malocclusion in which the upper jaw protrudes further than the lower jaw.

As we have mentioned, this type of bite is not always noticeable, particularly in milder cases, as it is not necessarily accompanied by misalignment of the teeth – that is, crooked teeth in the dental arch. However, when the upper incisors cover more than a third of the lower ones – when they should cover no more than a third – this is considered a deep overbite, and in some cases they may even cover them completely. This also helps to distinguish between the different types of overbite according to their severity or the way in which they manifest.

2. Can an overbite be prevented?

During the period of growth and development in young children, it is essential to instil good dental hygiene habits in them and ensure they learn these habits. This is because the causes of overbite include both factors acquired during childhood and genetic inheritance, as the shape of the upper and lower jaws can be passed down from parents to children and contribute to this malocclusion; in fact, it is hereditary in a large percentage of cases. Furthermore, one particular habit can lead to an overbite: thumb-sucking or prolonged use of a dummy, together with abnormalities in the tongue, its position and the pressure it exerts, which influence the development of the bite. Prolonged thumb-sucking also disrupts the development of the jawbones.

It is therefore important for parents to bear in mind that, if a child uses a dummy, harmful oral habits must be stopped before the age of three. On the other hand, if the problem is thumb-sucking or sucking on another finger, it is advisable to consult a paediatrician, paediatric dentist and orthodontist, who can provide the necessary advice to break this habit and thus prevent an overbite and any problems it might cause.

3. What are the problems and causes of an overbite?

Although, as we have mentioned, there are different degrees of overbite, its consequences can lead to other problems; in fact, they can also affect oral function and aesthetics:

1. Difficulty speaking, as correct bite alignment is key to the articulation of certain sounds.
2. Problems with chewing, leading to functional problems, excessive wear on some teeth and pain when biting into food.
3. Damage to soft tissues such as the gums caused by the strain exerted by certain teeth.
4. Damage to tooth enamel, which can lead to an increased risk of tooth fractures.
5. Abnormalities in the teeth that can lead to crowding of the incisors and even the canines (fangs).
6. As a result, oral hygiene can become more difficult, which may increase the likelihood of developing tooth decay.
7. Respiratory problems associated with the cause of the malocclusion. Inability to breathe with the mouth closed.
8. Bruxism, caused by excessive tension in the jaw due to malocclusion and tooth wear.
9. Problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can also cause headaches and neck pain
10. Changes to the appearance of the face, as the relationship between the upper jaw and the lower jaw appears visually unbalanced; a severe overbite can affect the aesthetics of the face and the smile.

4. How is an overbite treated?

The main aim of treatment for overbite in young children and adolescents is to correct the incorrect relationship between the teeth in the upper arch and those in the lower arch. This will improve both the functionality and the appearance of the teeth. However, to achieve this, orthodontic treatment must be tailored to when the problem was diagnosed, the severity of the malocclusion — including severe overbite, which is discussed in section 1.4.2 — and how it manifests in each patient. Below, we will look at how to correct an overbite according to the patient’s age and individual needs in each case:

4.1. Interceptive orthodontics.

Interceptive orthodontics is a form of paediatric orthodontic treatment that can correct and prevent cases of overbite in children aged between 6 and 11, using appliances that guide the growth of the jawbones whilst they are still developing, provided that an accurate diagnosis is made at specialist clinics.

At this stage of life, it is possible to focus on the jawbones rather than the position of the teeth, as we would otherwise have to wait until all the permanent teeth have come through. That is why, following this treatment, it may be necessary to undergo what is known as corrective orthodontic treatment.

4.2. Corrective orthodontics.

Corrective orthodontic treatment usually begins at the age of 12, once the jawbones have fully developed and the permanent teeth have erupted. This type of orthodontic treatment makes it possible to correct the position of the teeth in teenagers and young adults (as well as adults) using the following treatments.

Corrective orthodontic treatment enables teenagers to reach adulthood with correctly aligned teeth, resulting in an ideal bite that ensures both optimal functionality and aesthetics. In this case, there are several types of treatment that can be carried out, and they usually last between 12 and 24 months, although mild overbites can be corrected in 12 months:

• Orthodontic treatment using metal braces or self-ligating braces, which is the most common type of treatment; traditional braces are an effective method of gradually moving teeth and achieving the goals set by the specialist
• Orthodontics using Invisalign Teen clear aligners is a more aesthetically pleasing treatment involving custom-made aligners that need to be changed regularly to gradually improve the alignment of the teeth; furthermore, clear aligners are a popular option for teenagers and adults.

On the other hand, if a person reaches adulthood with a severe overbite that has not been corrected during childhood, it would be necessary to undergo orthodontic treatment alongside what is known as orthognathic surgery, which is carried out from the age of 21 onwards and would correct the relationship between the upper and lower jaws.

That is why, in order to avoid these more complex and costly procedures, it is recommended that children attend regular check-ups with a paediatric dentist, who will not only assess whether the health of their teeth and gums is optimal, but will also monitor the growth of the upper and lower jaws during the developmental stage to effectively prevent and correct an overbite at an early age, thereby achieving an ideal bite for adolescents and adults, as the Spanish Society of Orthodontics also points out in this informative article.

La entrada What is an overbite and how can it be treated? se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

What you need to know to treat an open bite.

1. What is an open bite and what types are there?
2. What causes an open bite?
3. What problems are associated with an open bite?
4. What is the best treatment for an open bite?

1. What is an anterior open bite, and what types are there?

A child is said to have an open bite when, upon closing the mouth, there is a lack of contact between the teeth, leaving a gap between the upper and lower teeth, particularly between the canines and incisors, although this can also occur between the molars.

In other words, children with this type of dental malocclusion are unable to close their mouths completely, and this open bite can affect not only the ability to close the mouth but also its functionality, as the front and/or back teeth in the different dental arches do not make contact. As this type of malocclusion can vary, there are different types of open bite:

• Anterior open bite: the most common and visible of all; an open bite occurs when the front teeth do not make contact.
• Posterior open bite: unlike in the previous case, it is the back teeth (the molars) that do not make contact.
• Lateral open bite: in this case, the problem is confined to a single area or side of the mouth (right or left), where the teeth do not align when biting down.
• Complete open bite: this is the most complex condition, in which neither the front nor the back teeth meet their opposing teeth.

2. What causes an open bite?

Whilst there is a significant genetic component amongst the causes of an open bite that can lead to skeletal and dental problems during the growth phase, acquired factors also play a part. In fact, it is more common in children and is often linked to oral habits maintained throughout childhood:

• Continued use of a dummy after the age of two or three, particularly if it goes on for a long time, can contribute to an open bite.
• Sucking the thumb or another finger during the early years of development; specifically, thumb-sucking can cause an open bite.
• Pushing the teeth with the tongue (although it makes the problem worse, it does not cause it).
• Recurrent mouth breathing can lead to changes in the position of the teeth and in their development. In some patients, the absence of certain posterior teeth may also contribute to this.

3. What problems are associated with an open bite?

As we mentioned at the start, an open bite is not only a cosmetic issue, but also affects oral health and causes functional problems that can persist into adulthood, reducing quality of life. Among the most significant consequences of this type of malocclusion are:

• Difficulty chewing and eating food. The fact that the teeth do not make proper contact when the mouth is closed makes it difficult to chew food properly and compromises the functionality of the bite.
• Greater tooth wear on some teeth. As a result, some teeth may wear down prematurely compared to others, exacerbating the problem.
• Respiratory problems. Because they are unable to close their mouths completely, due to the development of their jaws, many patients tend to breathe through their mouths rather than through their noses.
• Speech disorders. As they develop, children may have difficulty articulating certain sounds if they have this condition, such as a lisp.
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. These present with symptoms such as headaches, facial pain or neck pain, and may even include problems such as bruxism.

4. What is the best treatment for an open bite, and when is orthognathic surgery recommended?

The best dental approach to this type of malocclusion is undertaken during childhood and adolescence. To correct an open bite, two types of orthodontic treatment may be carried out, depending on the patient’s age. In most cases, early diagnosis is key and makes treatment simpler and more effective.

4.1. Interceptive orthodontics.

Interceptive orthodontics is carried out on children aged 6 and over during the stage of jaw development if they have any skeletal problems. This is because, whilst the child is growing, the orthodontist can guide and modify the development of the bones, correcting these structures to achieve the correct position of the bones and teeth.

4.2. Corrective orthodontics.

From the age of 12, once bone growth has finished, adults are often offered orthodontic treatment to correct this problem. If the misalignment has already been corrected or is minor, options such as braces and aligners may be sufficient.

However, in severe cases that persist into adolescence or adulthood, a skeletal open bite may require a combination of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery, as the cause lies in the position of the upper jaw and lower jaw. In some patients, micro-screws may also be used; these are small temporary implants that help to intrude the posterior molars.

Orthognathic surgery is used in severe cases of this type of malocclusion. The combined treatment of orthodontics and surgery can last up to 36 months.

Therefore, to avoid this sort of more complex treatment in adulthood, it is advisable to treat dental problems from childhood onwards, particularly those relating to the development of the jawbones.

It is therefore important to attend regular check-ups with a specialist. Paediatric dentists are trained to assess both the condition of children’s teeth and gums and their development, and to detect at an early stage whether they may develop any malocclusion.

La entrada What is the treatment for an open bite? se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

Choosing the right method of interdental cleaning is key to preventing tooth decay, gum inflammation, bad breath and periodontal disease.

Why is interdental hygiene so important?

Brushing your teeth removes bacterial plaque from the visible surface of the teeth, but it does not reach the spaces between them properly. It is estimated that a toothbrush only cleans around 60 per cent of the tooth surface.

Plaque that builds up between the teeth and near the gums is the main cause of:

• Interproximal caries
• Gingivitis and periodontitis
• Persistent bad breath

That is why cleaning between the teeth should be part of your daily oral hygiene routine.

Dental floss: when is it the best option?

Dental floss is particularly recommended for people who have:

• Narrow interdental spaces
• Straight teeth
• Healthy gums or gums with mild inflammation

Benefits of dental floss

• It effectively cleans very narrow spaces, and using it daily helps prevent tooth decay and gingivitis
• It does not damage the enamel if used correctly
• It is single-use, which reduces the build-up of bacteria

When using this floss, you should guide it gently around each C-shaped tooth. It is also a portable and economical option.

Points to bear in mind

The main drawback of dental floss is that it requires a certain amount of dexterity and consistency, and one of its disadvantages is that it is less effective when the spaces between the teeth are wide. Incorrect technique, particularly if the tension is not controlled properly when holding the floss between your fingers, can cause discomfort to the gums or result in ineffective cleaning.

For this reason, it is advisable to learn the correct technique from your dentist or dental hygienist.

There are now devices with a support or arch that make them easier to use, particularly for children, older people or patients with limited manual dexterity.

Interdental brush: when is it recommended?

An interdental brush is best suited for cases where the spaces between the teeth are wider or where the arrangement of the teeth makes cleaning difficult, as is the case with:

• Patients with periodontal disease
• People with receding gums
• People with braces, implants or dentures; it is also particularly useful for cleaning around braces
• Wide interdental spaces, bearing in mind that there are different sizes to suit each interdental space

Benefits of the interdental brush

• It cleans large areas between teeth very effectively and is particularly effective at removing plaque from wider interdental spaces
• Compared with dental floss, it is often easier for many people to use and can help promote a better oral health routine
• Allows you to choose the size to suit the space between your teeth

When used correctly, it also helps to prevent periodontal disease.

Correct use and precautions

It is essential to use the correct size and follow the professional’s instructions. The interdental brush should be inserted gently and moved from side to side, without forcing it between the teeth.

Interdental brushes should not be reused more times than recommended, as they lose their effectiveness and can harbour bacteria. Furthermore, you should not apply excessive pressure; when using the correct size, they should not be at all harsh on the gums.

Dental floss or interdental brush? The answer lies in your mouth

There is no single method that works for everyone.

The choice depends on factors such as:

• Size of the spaces between teeth
• Condition of the gums
• Presence of orthodontic treatment, implants or dentures
• Manual dexterity and the patient’s perseverance

The difference, in terms of effectiveness, is that interdental brushes are generally more effective than dental floss in wide spaces, whilst floss works better in narrow spaces.

In many cases, combining both methods may be the best solution when a single system does not cover everything within a single oral hygiene routine.

Other complementary methods of interdental cleaning

As well as dental floss and interdental brushes, there are other methods that can help in certain cases:

Dental irrigators

Particularly useful for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment or with dental implants. They help remove food debris and bacterial plaque, although they are not a substitute for dental floss or interdental brushes.

Professional cleaning services

Professional dental cleanings carried out at a dental practice are the only ones that guarantee the complete removal of bacterial plaque and accumulated tartar, even in hard-to-reach areas.

The importance of professional advice

Everyone’s mouth is different. The choice of method depends on the patient’s dental alignment and individual needs. That is why, during consultations, we teach each patient how to use dental floss or an interdental brush correctly, tailoring the technique and equipment to their specific needs, including options that offer a better grip for those with reduced manual dexterity.

Proper daily interdental hygiene, combined with regular check-ups, is key to maintaining healthy teeth and gums in the long term.

If you’re unsure which method is best for you, it’s best to consult your dentist. At Udemax Clinics, professional advice helps you avoid mistakes, improve your oral hygiene and maintain a healthy smile throughout your life.

La entrada Interdental Brush or Dental Floss: Which to Use and When se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.

In this article, we explain what it is, how to recognise it and how to prevent it from affecting your permanent teeth.

What is baby bottle tooth decay?

It is a form of early-onset tooth decay that occurs in babies and young children due to prolonged exposure of the teeth to sugar. It mainly affects the upper incisors, but can occur in any milk tooth.

Over time, it can lead to:

• white or yellow spots,
• brown patches,
• tenderness or pain,
• or even tooth loss.

Why do cavities develop?

The most common causes are:

Sleeping with a bottle

Especially if it contains milk, fruit juices or sweetened drinks.

Simple sugars stick to the teeth, feeding the bacteria in the mouth, which in turn produce acids that lower the pH; furthermore, there is less saliva at night, so the damage progresses more quickly.

Sleeping with a bottle in the mouth and having prolonged night-time feeds without proper hygiene increases the risk, particularly if sugary drinks are consumed before bedtime.

Poor oral hygiene

A baby’s first teeth also need daily care, because poor oral hygiene encourages the build-up of plaque and the development of tooth decay from the very first months; even before the first tooth erupts, it is advisable to take extra care of the infant’s mouth and clean their gums.

Prolonged use of a bottle or a sweetened dummy

A very common and very harmful habit.

Tooth decay in the family

Yes: cariogenic bacteria can also be transmitted.

Warning signs

The early signs may go unnoticed. Look out for:

• white spots near the gum line, an early sign of plaque build-up on the tooth surface which may turn yellow,
• areas of enamel that are more opaque,
• small brown or black spots, and in more advanced stages even complete darkening of the tooth,
• sensitivity to brushing or cold food,
• persistent bad breath.

If you notice any of these symptoms, you should see a paediatric dentist as soon as possible.

Is baby bottle tooth decay a serious condition?

Yes, because tooth decay is a disease that affects oral health and the development of primary teeth.

If left untreated, it can lead to:

• pain,
• infections,
• difficulty eating,
• speech problems,
• increased risk of tooth decay in permanent teeth.

Milk teeth are not just temporary: they preserve the space for the permanent teeth, and damage to them — including bottle tooth decay — can lead to problems with the permanent teeth.

How can you prevent the risk of tooth decay?

The good news is that prevention is very simple:

Never put your baby to sleep with a bottle

If you need it, have it with water.

Cleans the gums from birth

Using damp gauze or a thimble.

Start brushing your child’s milk teeth as soon as the first one appears

Use fluoride toothpaste containing 1000 ppm, in an amount appropriate for their age; use can begin between 6 and 12 months, when the first teeth usually erupt, and it should not be confused with formulations for adults. Brushing teeth after every meal helps to reduce the risk of tooth decay.

Avoid sugary juices and drinks

They are one of the main causes of the problem, so it is best to avoid sugary juices and drinks and to pay close attention to the baby’s daily diet. Furthermore, reviewing a child’s diet helps to reduce frequent exposure to sugars.

Carry out regular checks

The first visit to the dentist should take place between 6 and 12 months of age, during the first year of life, or when the first tooth appears, as a preventative measure in early childhood and to ensure oral care from the very start of life. If in doubt, parents can consult specialists in paediatric dentistry, a branch of dentistry focused on early detection and treatment.

Treatment of tooth decay in babies

Each case is assessed on an individual basis depending on the extent of the damage, including in cases of tooth decay in babies:

• fluoride remineralisation,
• sealers,
• fillings,
• pulpectomy or extraction only in advanced cases.

At Udemax Clinics, once a lesion has been detected, the aim of the treatment process is always to preserve the tooth and protect future dental health.

Conclusion

Baby-bottle tooth decay is a common problem in early childhood, but it is entirely preventable, and mainly affects children under the age of five.

A few simple habits and an early check-up can make all the difference between a healthy smile and more serious long-term problems. Following these preventative tips is key, especially given the prevalence of tooth decay in milk teeth: 36 per cent of children have tooth decay in their milk teeth.

La entrada Tooth Decay in Breastfed Infants: Causes, How to Recognize It, and What to Do se publicó primero en Clínicas Udemax.