Mouth Piercing: Consequences, Risks, Complications, and How to Avoid Them

Tongue, lip and frenulum piercings have become very popular, especially amongst young people. They are eye-catching, aesthetically pleasing and form part of many fashion trends.
But what many people do not realise is that a piercing in the mouth can cause dental damage and gum problems, which are sometimes irreversible.

At Udemax Clinics, we frequently see patients who come to us with discomfort, pain or broken teeth caused by piercings. So, if you’re thinking of getting one — or already have one — this guide is for you.

What is an oral piercing? The most common types

An oral piercing is any piercing carried out on structures inside or around the mouth. The most common types are:

Tongue piercing

In the centre or on the side of the tongue. Tongue piercings are most likely to cause tooth fractures and, as the tongue is a highly vascularised organ, they can also cause bleeding and damage a nerve.

Lip piercing (labret or snake bites)

It may remain in constant contact with the gums, causing recession and damage to the gum tissue. If the friction continues, there is a risk of tooth mobility and, in the long term, tooth loss.

Upper frenulum piercing (smiley)

Popular with teenagers. With the upper braces, the hole in the smiley can become larger or even tear the tissue as the braces move. It can wear away the enamel or cause the gums around the upper incisors to recede.

Tongue web piercing

Less common but equally problematic.

Piercings on the cheeks or around the mouth

They may irritate the teeth and mucous membranes.

Dental risks and complications associated with piercings

Although it may initially seem like a purely aesthetic decision, it is important to be aware of the potential consequences. The most common health consequences depend on the type of oral piercing and where it is placed; among the most common are infection and damage to the enamel:

1. Tooth fractures

The repeated impact of the piercing against the teeth can cause microcracks, which start as microfractures, enamel fractures and tooth fractures, particularly in the incisors; this is the most common complication associated with tongue piercings and is linked to the impact of the piercing against the teeth. In fact, one in four people with oral piercings have micro-fractures in their teeth.

2. Gum recession

The constant rubbing of the piercing ball can push the gum back, exposing the root of the tooth, which causes sensitivity, affects the appearance, increases the risk of tooth mobility and can lead to localised periodontitis.

3. Enamel wear

Continued friction can wear away the enamel until the dentine is exposed.

4. Infections

The mouth contains millions of bacteria, and a poorly healed piercing can lead to inflammation, discharge, tongue infections, abscesses, fever and even sublingual cellulitis, a dangerous condition. Furthermore, around 15 per cent of oral piercings develop a local infection, and this risk increases when the procedure is not carried out with adequate hygiene and sterilisation measures.

5. Halitosis (bad breath)

This happens when the piercing acts as a place where bacteria, food debris or plaque can build up, and this build-up contributes to bad breath.

6. Allergy or rejection of the metal

Contact with certain materials can cause irritation, swelling and chronic discomfort; furthermore, certain alloys and prolonged use of the metal can cause allergic contact reactions, which affect oral health and may complicate the healing process in the oral cavity.

7. Bleeding or damage to nerve endings

Piercing the tongue carries a risk of damaging blood vessels, causing heavy bleeding and injuring nerve endings, which may lead to changes in the sense of taste. If the tongue becomes excessively swollen, it may restrict airflow and obstruct the airways.

8. Difficulties with speaking, chewing or swallowing

Especially during the first few weeks.

9. Risks during orthodontic treatment

A piercing can get caught on braces, wear down aligners or interfere with tooth movement.

Warning signs: when to see the dentist

You should seek immediate medical attention if you notice:

• bleeding that won’t stop
• pain that gets worse as the days go by
• severe swelling
• receding gums
• loose tooth
• puss-filled lump
• fever
• strong, unpleasant smell

At Udemax, we can assess whether there is an infection, damage to the gums or damage to the teeth.

What should you do if you already have a piercing? Care advice

Maintain strict hygiene

Wash the area after every meal.

Avoid playing with your piercing

The habit of ‘chewing on it’ or moving it around is what causes the most damage to your teeth.

Replace the long bar with a short one

Once the piercing has healed, a short bar causes less discomfort. Furthermore, the ball should fit snugly to minimise unnecessary discomfort and friction.

Check the condition of the metal

If you notice any wear and tear, replace it.

Clean the ball thoroughly

It is a breeding ground for bacteria.

Regular visits to the dentist

Particularly if you notice sensitivity, discomfort or gaps in your gums.

Is it a good idea to have the piercing removed?

It depends on the individual case, as piercings can be worn without any problems if they are looked after properly and checked regularly; however, if you have receding gums, cracked teeth, sensitivity or inflammation, are undergoing orthodontic treatment or plan to use Invisalign, it is best to have the piercing removed or to consider the best alternative to avoid further complications.

Dental treatments to repair damage caused by piercings

At Udemax Clinics, we can help you with:

• composites for repairing fractures
• veneers to restore worn-down teeth
• periodontal treatments for receding gums
• professional cleaning if you have bad breath or a build-up of plaque
• a full examination to check for signs of infection

Frequently asked questions about oral piercings

Does a piercing damage your teeth?

Yes, especially the lingual one. It’s a very common complication.

Can it cause gum recession?

Yes, especially lip and smiley piercings.

Is it dangerous to swallow a small ball?

It is usually passed naturally, but in some cases it may require medical assessment.

Does it affect speech?

During the first few weeks, yes.

Can I use Invisalign or braces if I have a piercing?

This is not recommended: it may interfere with the device, cause wear and tear, or result in injury.

Make your oral health a priority

Oral piercings can be a form of aesthetic expression and, although for some people they are simply a fashion statement, it is important to prioritise oral health. Ideally, you should seek reliable information before having a piercing, maintain good oral hygiene and have it checked regularly by your dentist. If you notice any discomfort, pain or sensitivity, it is best to have it assessed as soon as possible; this way, for example, you can avoid more serious complications.