Causes and treatment of tooth sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity is one of the most common complaints in dental practices. This condition is very common and affects a large part of the population, so it is important to know its causes and how to prevent it. It manifests as a sharp, brief pain in one or more teeth when exposed to stimuli such as cold, heat, sweet or acidic foods, and even touch.
Although many people normalise it, it is not something that should be ignored, as it often indicates that there is an underlying cause that needs to be treated. In this article, we provide key information about tooth sensitivity to help you better understand and manage this condition.
At Udemax Clinics, we address tooth sensitivity at the root of the problem, not just the symptom.
What is tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity is a painful response that occurs when the dentine is exposed. Dentine is the inner part of the tooth and contains thousands of microscopic tubes connected to the nerve.
When the enamel wears away or the gums recede, these tubes become exposed and external stimuli, such as cold or heat, can pass through these tubes and reach the nerve directly, causing pain.
What causes tooth sensitivity?
The causes of tooth sensitivity are mainly related to the loss of the tooth’s natural protection. This can occur for various reasons:
Most common causes of tooth sensitivity
Tooth decay
When decay reaches deep layers of the tooth, sensitivity increases, especially with cold or sweet foods. If the decay progresses further, it can reach the pulp of the tooth, causing intense pain. Solution: dental filling or conservative treatment.
Tooth wear and attrition
Progressive enamel wear, whether caused by acids or friction, leaves the dentine exposed. This wear can be caused by frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks, such as soft drinks, as well as aggressive brushing or bruxism. Regular consumption of these acidic foods and soft drinks accelerates enamel wear and increases tooth sensitivity. In advanced cases, this situation may require restorations or veneers to protect and improve dental aesthetics.
Bruxism
Teeth grinding or clenching accelerates wear and tear and causes increased sensitivity. The usual treatment for this condition is the use of a bite splint, which protects the teeth and helps reduce the damage caused by bruxism.
Gum recession
When the gum recedes, there is a loss of gum tissue, exposing the root of the tooth, which is particularly sensitive. This recession may be caused by traumatic brushing or diseases such as gingivitis or periodontitis. In some cases, periodontal treatment or gum tissue grafting is necessary to correct this situation and protect the tooth root.
Old or worn fillings
Over time, fillings can deteriorate and re-expose the dentine, causing tooth sensitivity. The solution in these cases is to check and replace the filling to prevent discomfort and protect the tooth structure.
Dental treatments
Some procedures may cause temporary sensitivity, such as teeth whitening, professional cleanings, periodontal treatments, and orthodontics. In these cases, the sensitivity usually disappears within a few days.
Common symptoms of sensitive teeth
Sensitive teeth usually cause pain when consuming cold foods such as ice cream or hot drinks, due to changes in temperature. Discomfort is also experienced with sweet or acidic foods and drinks, as well as a sharp sensation when brushing your teeth. In addition, it is common for teeth to be sensitive to touch and for gums to feel sensitive or sore. In cases where teeth have been lost due to decay or periodontal disease, dental implants may be necessary to restore function and aesthetics. If the pain is severe or persistent, it should not be considered normal.
How can I reduce tooth sensitivity?
Treatment always depends on the cause. Some common options are:
- Desensitising toothpastes
- Application of fluoride or protective varnishes
- Adjusting your brushing technique
- Treatment of cavities or defective fillings
- Bite splint for bruxism
- Periodontal treatment if there is gum recession
At a dental clinic, it is possible to find personalised solutions for each case of tooth sensitivity, guaranteeing safe treatment tailored to the needs of each patient.
The correct approach is to individualise treatment.
Changes in hygiene routine to reduce sensitivity
Making small changes to your oral hygiene routine can make a big difference to tooth sensitivity. It is essential to choose a soft-bristled toothbrush, as aggressive brushing or hard bristles can accelerate tooth enamel wear and increase hypersensitivity. In addition, it is advisable to use a gentle and careful brushing technique, paying special attention to the gum area to prevent gum recession and protect sensitive teeth.
The use of toothpastes specifically formulated for sensitive teeth, containing fluoride, helps to strengthen enamel and reduce discomfort caused by external stimuli. It is important to remember the importance of interdental hygiene, using dental floss or interdental brushes to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay and gum disease, factors that can aggravate sensitivity.
Regular visits to the dentist are key to receiving personalised advice on dental care and detecting any problems related to enamel wear or the appearance of cavities early on. Adopting these changes in your daily routine is an essential step towards maintaining a healthy smile free from discomfort.
Use of recommended oral health products
Proper use of oral health products recommended by your dentist is essential for combating tooth sensitivity. Fluoride toothpastes strengthen tooth enamel and help prevent cavities, while fluoride mouthwashes offer additional protection against demineralisation and hypersensitivity.
There are specific products that contain ingredients such as stannous fluoride or potassium nitrate, which are capable of blocking the dentinal tubules and reducing the transmission of painful stimuli to the nerve. These products, used regularly and following the dentist’s instructions, can significantly reduce sensitivity and improve oral health.
Combining a proper oral hygiene routine with the use of recommended toothpastes and mouthwashes is one of the best strategies for protecting enamel, reducing discomfort, and preventing future problems. Do not hesitate to consult your dentist to choose the most suitable products for your needs and keep your teeth healthy and strong.
What can you do to prevent tooth sensitivity?
Prevention is key to preventing the problem from recurring:
- Reduce your consumption of acidic foods and drinks.
- Avoid brushing too hard.
- Use a soft-bristled brush.
- Maintain proper oral hygiene
- Attend regular check-ups
- Do not avoid professional cleaning
When should you visit the dentist?
You should consult your dentist if you experience severe or persistent pain, if sensitivity appears suddenly, if it affects several teeth, or if it interferes with your eating. Detecting the cause early avoids more complex treatments. In addition, if the pain is not associated with a specific stimulus, it could be a dental condition other than sensitivity, such as cavities, fractures, or problems with fillings, which, in cases of tooth loss, may require dental implant treatments.
Treatment for tooth sensitivity in Palma de Mallorca
At Udemax Clinics, we study each case of tooth sensitivity individually, identifying its cause and applying the most appropriate treatment to relieve pain and protect long-term oral health.
